On the Relationship of Arctic Oscillation with Atmospheric Rivers and Snowpack in the Western United States Using Long-Term Multi-Platform Dataset

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are narrow bands of enhanced integrated water vapor transport, modulated by large-scale and synoptic-scale variability. Here, we investigate how ARs snowpack shaped variability such as arctic oscillation (AO) examining the synoptic conditions characteristics in different phases AO. Using Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) data, Modern-Era Retrospective analysis Research Applications, Version 2 (MERRA2) reanalysis in-situ observation data over eastern Pacific western United States. found that more precipitation is observed lower latitudes (35° N–45° N) during negative AO months farther north (north 45° latitude positive months. These associated with wavelike patterns straight-line type The also modulate AR characteristics: 2.6% less intense (5.3% intense) transport total precipitation, 16.0% shorter (21.1% longer) duration than climatological mean (1980–2019) (negative AO) phase. frequency higher (~50.4%) phase, but there no statistically significant difference between either or especially southern California. In addition, snow equivalent (SWE) tends to be reduced phase under high-temperature conditions, recent years (2010s). similar relationships early 1990s 2000s, their statistical significances low. Considering atmospheric temperature keeps increasing U.S., SWE years, may decrease northern California if warming condition persists. findings highlight local extreme weather can climate